Origin of WAP

       The WAP standard represent the first successful attempt to establish a broad accepted environment for delivering information, data and services to both enterprises edition and consumer users over wireless network. The WAP to continue enhancing (or) developing the standard.
      The technology to deliver wireless data in mobile devices is not new and many have long period developing and implementing. A several companies have attempted to establish standard that good derive wide spreed commercial adoption of wireless data.

Analog modem Technology:

      Analog data communication topically support between 4800 and 9600 bits per second(BPS). The variation of signal strength and quality may lower. Several attempt have made to enhance the data capability of this network.

Enhances throughout cellular: [ETC]

     The cellular modem operate on physical link layer protocol, error deduction and error correction.

Wireless midle ware solutions:

             Several companies have deployed wireless midle ware solutions that extent the transport protocol in an effort to through put, reliability or user experience.
Midleware Solution include the following are :

1. Security wireless gateway from IBM.
2. Express queue from net tech system.
3. Handle Held Device Markup Langue.[HDML]
4. Handheld device transport protocol from unwired planet.

        Each of these technology has achieved some message of successfully in particular market and industry.

Data Organized Network :
           Several wireless network have been deployed to specified support wireless data.

Network                          Data Services

CDPD                            9.62 to 14.4 kbps

RICOCHET                    128 kbps  

Making the Internet Mobile Challenges & Pit Falls(difficult)

          The major technology challenges making specific reference to those that, the largest abstraction for deploying application in wireless environment. The TCP/IP support fir connection to the internet. Today average cellular phone user jump into the mobile internet.

          The wireless communication type difficult to make statement they will apply to thai network. For example : Packet base network have connection characteristics the differ from those of cir-cute switch network.

Wireless Network Characteristics:

• Latency
• bandwidth  run time cost
• Error rate and unreliability.  

 Latency :

     The amount of time requirement for a message to travel between two points in the network. Wireless network type have considerably longer latency time then their lower connection. The message deliver via SMS over the GSM system has been know to take several minutes.

     The transport protocol some apple will lost packet and to need to re-transmit. 

     The effect of the latency on application :

              Calculation of the expected response time for an application behavior. The wire line network most pocket arrive in order. But wireless. network some packet will lost.

The effect of latency on transport protocol :

=> The wireless network latency also effect for transfer protocol such as TCP/IP.

=> The major error recovery protocol implemented in TCP.

      1. TCP behavior with high latency environment.The TCP sends two basic acknowledgement to received.

           => ACK - The data deliver correctly in sequence order.

          =>  DUPACK - Data deliver correctly but not sequence order. 

Improving TCP Behavior:

       Major implementation of TCP stacks in the market place.The specific protocol solution for the mobile environment will be required.

Bandwidth & Run-time Cost :

=> The bandwidth is the speed of the data network measure bit per second.

=> The higher the network band with greater the protocol of more data in a different period.

=> The digital network proved to be much more reliable network and must fast data rate have been achived.

The following digital Network : 

Network                                             Data service rate 

GSM                                                     9600 bps.

CDMA                                                 14400 bps

GPRS                                                   115 kbps.

EDGE                                                   384 kbps.

UMTS                                                   2 mbps. 

=> The measuring of the cost will be amount of time and amount of data transferring content.

Error Rate & Unreliability :

1. Bit Error Rate : 

    The ratio of corrupted bit to total bit transmitted. The mobile internet usually involve both wire and wireless links.The application and rate from both media.

2. Communication Error :

    => Data performance over the wireless network is also affected by the connectivity from network operator to the internet. 

   => The user is mobile a car moving at 100 km/hr. In that case the data may be disturbed and arriving the inform different time interval.

   => The network transport protocol correct these error.

3. User Error:

   => More relevant source of error include those that result from a user action.

         For example: Closing application cleanly in unnatural to a own user, simply hang up and turn off the phone.So application should to be this into the account.

  => The re-engineering this application times responsible algorithm and policy loop need to be employed.

Security Implementation for wireless devices:

Service Requirement :

                 To build wireless application developer must consider as follows :

1. Scalability : 

2. Roaming and network services

1.Scalability:

     The PC environment may expect client server ratio of 100 of client to one sever.The wireless device is a mobile phone, the ratio to scallop to millions of client for each server. This scal implies the need for larger faster content server network router wireless network environment. The scalability is particularly significant for the application written when considering managing & controlling the client environment.

2. Roaming and network services :

     The wireless network service provided control the available facility and services to different service provider. Roaming may differ romantically from those available in some places. The user may transparently swap service provider the issue must be consider by application developer. The W3C define standard for passing about capable from parties. 

    

Services for Mobile Internet

Key Services for Mobile Internet:

                The mobile internet enable by WAP allow user to access services from cellular network such as mobile PDA. Application may also deliver data that is specification valuable in the mobile context. This data may be time sensitive give locations sensitive give on secure in nature.

1.       Productivity and application :

E-mail and text message:

                Wireless e-mail make traditional e-mail even more power full. Mobile e-mail has been available for quite some time in a verity of fonts. For example User can send  & receive message using two way paging system and sms that is available in many mobile phone network.

                Synchronization mechanism or necessary to keep the various e-mail reposter is consistent with one another. WAP device are automatically and immediately update at the user e-mail box on the server. Thus the user process each message only one.

Personal information management:

                Access to calendar for schedule, appointment and notification address book and contact and to do list. When a PIM (Personal Information Management) application is used in composition speech reorganization. The user can voice dial contact address book.

Unified message & Universal Inbox:

                The integration of voice mail, e-mail and fax into same inbox that can be accessed by the user byte various maters. The voice mail box for the wire line telephone line , another voice mail box for the wireless   account, Multimedia inbox for internet e-mail, a text mail box for pager and soon.

Instant message:

                Instant message permit two or more people to carry on a private conversation through on-line. Instant message enable real time transaction in B2B (Business to Business) B2C Business to Customer ) service, Online market place and digital exchange.

2.       Information and transaction services:

The application for used to news, stock exchange, weather information and traffic update, sports score, direction to restaurant and ATMs, bus and train schedules and information. The e-commerce is the most popular and pastes growing segments of transactional service on the internet.

Mobile Service Application:

1.       Electronic banking

2.       Bill payment

3.       Online trading

4.       Electronic purchase of goods & services 

Mobile commerce will bring about the convergence of several companies, finance and e-commerce, smart card technology and wireless communications.

3.       Life enhanced application:

The telemetric system user will access services such as

ð  Up to minute travel route [traffic update, direction, alternative route, parking and airline status]

ð  Location based services [locating the nearest gas station, hotel or ATM]

ð  Information[sports, weather, stock market update]

ð  Tall payment via smart card.

ð  Entertainment [audio, games, books magazines, news papers]

Entertainment Service:

                Some WAP sites offer the ability for users to quiz. which team will won the next world cup cricket series? The correct answer win a small prize.\

Multimedia services:

                Video mail and electronic post card, video conference, multimedia broadcasts, online games, multimedia online shopping.

4.       Telephonic A/C & subscription management:

E-care find the information through frequently asked question about coverage area subscription prizes and soon. Up-to minute billing information build due date and amount due.

Enhanced telephonic application:

                It is the wireless contact include capability such as mobile visual box or visual called handling and treatment and enhanced  services such as a call waiting indication or conference calling.

Vehicles services for enterprises:

                The WAP application might assists police officer in checking call registration or license and driver license.